References

Scientific Support that Stream Restorations Don't Work

• Hilderbrand, Robert H., et. al., “Quantifying the ecological uplift and effectiveness of differing stream restoration approaches in Maryland,” Final Report Submitted to the Chesapeake Bay Trust for Grant #13141, 2020 (https://cbtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Hilderbrand-et-al_Quantifyingthe-Ecological-Uplift.pdf) 

• Jepsen, R., Caraco, D., Fraley-McNeal, L, Buchanan, C., and Nagel, A. 2022. “An Analysis of Pooled Monitoring Data in Maryland to Evaluate the Effects of Restoration on Stream Quality in Urbanized Watersheds: Final Report.” ICPRB Report 22-2. Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD. (https://www.potomacriver.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ICP-22- 1_Jepsen.pdf )

• Kaushal, Sujay S. et. al., 2018, “Tree Trade-offs in Stream Restoration Projects: Impact on Riparian Groundwater Quality,” University of Maryland, State University of New York ESF, Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration, 2018 Presentation (https://cbtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Kaushal-and-Wood_UMD_061219.pdf) 

• Laub, B.G, McDonough, O.T, Needelman, B.A., Palmer, M.A., “Comparison of Designed Channel Restoration and Riparian Buffer Restoration Effects on Riparian Soils,” Restoration Ecology, Vol. 21, Issue 6, November 2013 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12010) 

• Palmer, M. A. et. al., 2014, “Ecological Restoration of Streams and Rivers: Shifting Strategies and Shifting Goals,” Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 2014. 45:247–69 (www.ecolsys.annualreviews.org or www.annualreviews.org) 

• (Pedersen ML, Kristensen KK, Friberg N (2014), “Re-Meandering of Lowland Streams: Will Disobeying the Laws of Geomorphology Have Ecological Consequences?” (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4180926/)